The Effects of Stress Among Female Registered Nurses

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Prior research has suggested that nurses, regardless of workplace or culture, are confronted with a variety of stressors. As the worldwide nursing shortage increases, the aged population becomes larger, there is an increase in the incidence of chronic illnesses and technology continues to advance, nurses continually will be faced with numerous workplace stressors. Thus, nurses need to learn how to identify their workplace stressors and to cope effectively with these stressors to attain and maintain both their physical and mental health. This article describes workplace stressors and coping strategies, compares and contrasts cross-cultural literature on nurses workplace stressors and†¦show more content†¦Thus, workplace stress occurs when the challenges and demands of work become excessive, the pressures of the workplace exceed the worker s ability to handle them, and job satisfaction turns to frustration and exhaustion.(Lambert and Lambert, 2010). Nevertheless, work stress and burnout remain significant concerns in nursing, affecting both individuals and organizations. For the individual nurse, regardless of whether stress is perceived positively or negatively, the neuroendocrine response yields physiologic reactions that may ultimately contribute to illness. In the health care organization, work stress may contribute to absenteeism and turnover, both of which detract from the quality of care. Hospitals in particular are facing a workforce crisis. The demand for acute care services is increasing concurrently with changing career expectations among potential health care workers and growing dissatisfaction among existing hospital staff. By turning toxic work environments into healthy workplaces, researchers and nurse leaders believe that improvements can be realized in recruitment and retention of nurses, job satisfaction for all health care staff, and patient outcomes particularly those related patient safety (B.M.Jennings, Cha pter26 Work Stress and Burnout among Nurses: Role of the Work Environment and Working Conditions). In one article entitled â€Å"Job Stressors and Coping Mechanisms among Emergency Department Nurses in the Armed Force Hospitals inShow MoreRelatedViolence Against Student Nurses and Newly Registered Nurses1070 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst student nurses and newly registered nurses Abstract Workplace violence toward student nurses and newly registered nurses must be eliminated. 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A Midsummers Night Dream - 554 Words

Have you ever heard a quote that really stood out to you. And then you went and told you friends that quote and they liked it. And they told people who told other people and then everyone liked. Eventually, you know with all the social media programs these days, its going to end up on facebook or instagram and even more people are going to find out about it. Thats one way a quote can become famous but another way is if it is in a popular movie or book. In this case it is from one of Shakespeares finest and most known, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream the quote â€Å"the course of true love never did run smoothly† applies to the different people in the book: the first couple is Hermia and Lysander, Second Demetrius and Helena, and finally Pyramus and Thisbe. To start, the first couple that proves the quote right is Hermia and Lysander. They had a very â€Å"bumpy† love story. When they were going to run away together you think that everything is going to be okay. Then, because someone was trying to help Lysander stopped loving Hermia for a little while. That was the biggest bump in their road of love because they make you think that they aren’t going to be together. Hermia starts to as Lysander why this bump has come up so quickly and suddenly when it seemed like they had a smooth road ahead. Lysander tells her that he is now in love with Helena by saying. This is Lysander saying how he hates Hermia know becasue of the beautiful Helena. But in the endShow MoreRelatedLove in a Midsummers Night Dream1772 Words   |  8 PagesHow does Shakespeare use the theme of love in ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’? Shakespeare uses the theme of love to show how complicated love can be; Hermia falling in love with Lysander and Egeus not allowing her to get married to Lysander. Lysander and Hermia try to figure things out between themselves and their forbidden love, â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth†. 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Ilets Topics free essay sample

Students often find moving from practicing the question and answer format of speaking about themselves in LILTS Speaking Part One to speaking more generally for 1 or 2 minutes non-stop In LILTS Speaking Part Two to be quite a Jump. Luckily, the 6 to 8 most popular topics In LILTS Speaking Part One (e. G. Friends and Families) can also come up In Part Two (although the same topic Is never used twice In the same test).You can therefore easily use easily use both Part One and Part Two exam reactive questions in the same class, using the Part One questions as a warm up for the Part Two presentations. It is not possible to say which topics are most likely to come up in the LILTS Speaking Test Part Two, but the most typical questions for each of the topics that are the same as LILTS Speaking Part One are given near the top of each section below. The topic cards further down each section are ones that are more difficult to answer and/ or less likely to be in the exam.For example, it is very unlikely that students will get a task where they have to speak mainly about the true Like Talk about a subject you would Like to study In the future. .. . The reason for Including tasks Like this Is to give students practice In answering a question that Is very different from any they have practiced before (there Is about a 50% chance of this happening In the exam, however much preparation they have done), and to help teachers tie LILTS Speaking Part Two tasks in with any topic covered in class.Written by Alex Case for singleness. Com 0 2008 LILTS Speaking Part Two topic cards about Work and Studies Talk about something you use to help you in your work or studies. You should say: What it looks like What it does How often you use this thing And say what you would do if you could not use this object Describe a classroom that you study or have studied in. You should say: What part of the school or college it Is In What It looks Like What things are In It And say If you think the people who study there Like It or not, and why Talk about a Job you have done or know about You should say: -What people do In that Job What kind of place they work in ; What clothes and equipment they need And say if you think it is a satisfying job to do or not, and why Talk about a job someone in your Emily does You should say: How long they have been doing that job What the good things about that job are What the difficulties of doing that Job are And say If you think that person enjoys their Job or not, and why Describe a school that you are studying in or studied in You should say: What it looks like from the outside What it looks like inside What facilities there are And say if you think it is a good school building or not, and why Written by Alex Case for uglinesss. Com C) 2008 Describe one thing that you have to do as part of your work or st udies.You should ay: ; Why you need to do it ; How often you do it If it is a difficult thing to do And subject you liked when you were younger You should say: What the name of the subject was What topics you studied as part of that subject Why you liked it And say why you think some people didnt like that subject as much as you did Describe a workplace you have worked in or know about You should say: What the building looks like What is inside the building What things there are to do in the local area And say if you think it is a good place to work or not, and why Describe a project you ad to do on your own or with others as part of your studies or Job You should say: What the reason for doing that project was How successful the project was How long it took you And say if you enjoyed working on that project or not, and why Describe your dream Job You should say: What kind of things you would do in that job What the working conditions would be like What kind of workplac e you would work in And say if you think you will be able to get Job like that or not, and why Written by Alex Case for Singleness. Com 2008 Describe a Job you would like to do in the future.You should say: How and when you first became interested in that Job What people in that Job have to do everyday What qualifications and experience you need in order to get that Job And say if you think you will be able to get that Job or not, and why Talk about a subject you would like to study in the future You should say: Why you want to study that subject What things about that subject you find particularly interesting Where it is possible to study that subject And say if you think you will start studying it soon or not, and why Describe your dream workplace. You should say: What it would look like What facilities it would have Where it would be And say if you think you will ever work in a place like that or not, and why Describe a classmate or colleague you often meet or met.You sh ould say: Where you usually meet or met When you first met What things you talk or talked about And say whether you would say this person is a close friend or not, and why LILTS Speaking Part Two topic cards about Sports, hobbies and free time Talk about a book you are reading now or have read recently You should say: How and why you to it How long you it took you to read it or how long you have been reading it What kind of book it is And say if you would like to read something else similar or not, and why Talk about a sport you like doing or watching You should say: How you first became interested in it Why you are interested in it What equipment and skills are needed And say if you think it is an easy sport to do or not, and why Describe a typical day when you are not working or studying You should say: Where you go What you do Who you spend your time with And say how those days vary Describe a TV programmer that you watch or know about You should say: When it is on a nd which channel it is on What kind of programmer it is What kind of people watch it And say if you think that programmer is or could be popular in other countries or not, and why Describe a film you have seen which you remember well. You should say: was And explain why you remember it well Describe a place where you often go on your days off You should say: Where it is Who you go with Why you go there And say how it compares to other places where you could spend your free time Describe a TV programmer that you often watch You would say: -What kind of programmer it is Why you watch it When and why you first started watching it And say if you think that programmer is better than other TV programmer that are on at the same time or not, and why Talk about a hobby you had when you were a child: You should say: How you first became interested in it How long you did it or have been doing it for Why you enjoyed doing it And say if you have become more or less interested in that hobby since you were a child, and why Talk about a new sport or hobby you would like to take up You should say: Why o are interested in that thing If it is an easy or hard thing to start What the best way to start doing it is And say if you think you will start doing it soon or not, and why Talk about a sport that interests you but you have never tried.You should say: Where it is usually played What kinds of people usually play it Why it interests you And say if you think you will ever do this sport or not, and why Give a short presentation about a movie that you have never seen but would like to see. You should say: What kind of movie it is How famous it is Why you want to e it And say if you think you will see that movie in the near future or not, and why Talk about a book you have never read but would like to read. You should mention: How well known it is Why you would like to read it Why you have never read it before And say how you think it will compare to other books you have read Talk about a musical instrument you would like to be able to play but have never tried.You should say: What the instrument looks like What it sounds like What kinds of people it is popular with And say if you think you will ever try to play that instrument r not, and why LILTS Speaking Part Two topic cards about LILTS Speaking Part Two topic cards about Family, friends and pets Describe a friend that you often spend time with: You should say: How often you see this friend Where you usually go together What things you do together And say why you like spending time with this person Describe one of your relatives You should say: What that person looks like What that persons character is like What they are doing at the moment And say which other relative of yours they are most similar to Talk about a pet you have or have had. You should mention: -Its appearance -Its personality -Its habits And say if you would like to have a similar pet again or not, and why Talk about a Job someone in your family does You where they work And say if you think that is the best kind of Job for that person or not, and why Describe a friend who has played an important part in your life.You should say: How you met t his person How long you have known them The kind of thing you do or did with them And explain why they have been important in your life Describe a friend you have had or had for a long time You should say: How you met What things you do or did together What things you have or had in common And say why you think your friendship lasted a long time Describe a classmate, colleague or acquaintance You should say: How well you know them When and how you first met them How long you have been working or studying together And say whether you think you will get to know that person better in the future or not, and why Describe a friend you had in primary school. You should say: What that person was like How long you were friends for What things you did together And say whether o are still in contact with that person or not, and why Describe a family member that you get on well with. You should mention: What their personality is like What things they like doing If they have any strong dislikes And say why you think you have a good relationship Talk about a hobby of one of your family members or friends. You should say: How often they do it Where they usually do it Who they usually do it with And say if you think that is a good hobby to have or not, and why Talk about the last time your whole family got together.You should mention: Where o met What you did together How long you spent together And say if you would like to do the same thing again soon or not, and why Describe a friend that you havent seen for a long time. You should say: Why you havent met that person Where and when you last met him or her What you think that pers on has been doing since that time And say whether you think you will meet him or her again soon or not, and why Describe a relative you havent met for a long time. You should mention: Why you havent met that person Where and when you last met them What you think that person has been doing since that time And say whether you think you will meet them again soon or not, and why Talk about the home of one of your friends or relatives.You should say: How long they have been living there What it is like outside What it is like inside And say if you think that home reflects the personality of your friend or relative or not, and why LILTS Speaking Part Two topic cards about House, home and accommodation Describe your favorite room in the place you are living now You should say: What it looks like What you usually use it for Why you like it And how it compares to other vying now You should say: Where it is What are the good things about it What are the bad things about it And say where you would like to live if you didnt live there Describe your neighborhood You should say: What kind of shops there are What green spaces and natural features there are What things there are to do And say what kind of person you think would like living in that kind of area, and why Describe your dream home You should say: What it would look like outside What it would look like inside What kind of area it would be in And say if you think you will ally live in a house like that or not, and why Describe the first place you remember living You should say: How old you were when you first started living there What you remember best about the place If you moved away or not, and why And say if you remember that place well or not, and why Describe a house or flat that you know well but have never lived in. You should say: Whose home it is or was What it looks like What the local area is like And say if you would like to live in that place or not, and why Talk about the place where one of your friends or relations lives. You should say: Where it is What it is like What the local area is like And say if you would like to live in that place or not, and why LILTS Speaking Part Two topic cards about Your Hometown Describe a city, town or village you know well You should say: Where it is What it looks like What kind of people live there And say if you think it is a good place to live or not, and why Describe a famous food from your hometown or country.You should say: What it looks like What it tastes like When and how it is usually eaten And say why you think it is famous Describe a landmark in your hometown or the place you are living owe You should say: -What it looks like Why it is a landmark What it is used for And say if it is popular with the local people and tourists or not, and why Describe something famous in your hometown or local area. You should say What it is Why it is famous How well known it is And say if that thing makes you feel proud of your hometown or local area or not, and why Describe some countryside near your hometown or the place where you are living now. You should say: What it looks like What people usually do there How you can get there from your home And say whether you often go to the place or not, and why Describe the transport system in your hometown or the place you are living now.You should say -What kind of transport there is -Which kind of transport most people use -What the good points and bad points of the transport system is And say if you think shopping street in your hometown You should say: What things you can buy there What the most popular shops are Any changes there have been over the years And say if you think shopping there will become more or less popular in the future, and why Describe the place yo u were born in or grew up in. You should say: What kind of place it is Where it is What things there are to do there And say if that is the place you would most like to be living in now or not, and why Describe a park in your hometown or near where you are living. You should say: Where it is What it looks like What people usually do there And say if you often go to the park or not, and why Describe a shop in your hometown or the placed you are living now. You should say: Where it is What it sells What the advantages of shopping there are And say whether you often go shopping there or not, and why LILTS Speaking PartTwo topic cards about Festivals and celebrations Describe a present that you someone gave you You should say: Who you got it from Why they gave it to you If that present has been useful to you And say what kind of person you would give a similar present to Describe a present that you gave someone You should say: Who you gave it to Why you decided to give them a present Why you chose that present And say how that present compares to other presents you have given that person or other people Describe a typical festival or celebration in your country: You should say: When it usually happens What it is celebrating What pe ople do And say if that is your favorite celebration or not, and why Describe your favorite festival or celebration You should say: What time of year it is Why you like it What you usually do And say how that festival or celebration compares to others in your country or abroad Describe a traditional festival or celebration in your country. You should say: What is being celebrated What people do How long people have been celebrating this way And say if you think this festival or celebration will change in the future or not, ND why Describe a party that you attended: You should say: Who invited you Where you were invited What the party was celebrating And say if took anything with you to the party or not, and why Talk about a birthday you can remember well.You should say: How you celebrated Who you were with Why you remember that day And say how it was different from other birthdays you have had before or since Talk about your favorite day of the year You should say: When it is Why you like it What you usually do And say how it compares to other special days of the year Talk about the last time your whole family got together. You should say: Why you got together What you did together If everyone enjoyed themselves And say if your Talk about the next festival or celebration in your family or your country. You should say: If it is a big celebration What it being celebrated What people will do on that day And say if you think you will enjoy that day or not, and why Talk about how you usually celebrate the New Year.You should say: Where you usually go Who you spend your time with What you eat and drink And say if you think New Year is one of the most important festivals in your country and why LILTS Speaking Part Two topic cards about Holidays and travel Talk about a thing you always take with you on holiday. You should say: What it looks like Why you need it When you first started using it And say if you think you could have a good holiday without it or not, and why Talk about an activity you like doing when you are on holiday. You should say: Where you usually do it Who you do it with Why you enjoy it And say whether you also enjoyed doing that when you were a child or not, and why Talk about somewhere you went on holiday.You should say: -How you got here What activities you did there Who you went with And say if you would recommend that holiday to a friend or not, and why Describe a Journey you have been on. You should say -Where you went -What kind or kinds of transport you used How long the Journey took And say whether you think it was easy to take Journey or not, and why Talk about a foreign country you have been to or would like to go to on holiday. You should say -Where that country is -Why it is a good place to go on holiday What things there are to do there And say wh ether you think you will go there or go there again in the near future or not, and why Talk about something tourists like to do in your town or country.You should say: How well known it is Why it is popular What kinds of people like to do it And say if you think it will become more popular or less popular in the future and why Talk about one means of transport that you often use. You should mention: Where you usually go by that means of transport What the advantages of that method of traveling are What the disadvantages are And say if you think you will use that means of transport more or less often in the future, and why Talk about a day trip you have been on. You should say: Where you went How you traveled Why you chose to go to that place And say whether you would like to go back to the same place again or not, and why Talk about a hotel, bread and breakfast, campsite etc. You have stayed in on holiday.You should say: Why you chose that place How long you stayed there What the good and bad things about it were And foreign country you have never been to but would like to visit You should say: Why you have never been there before If or when you think you might go Why you would like to go And say how you first became interested in going o that place Talk about a part of your country you have never been to but would like to visit You should say: Why you have never been there before If or when you think you might go Why you would like to go And say how you first became interested in going to that place Talk about your dream holiday. You should say: Where you would like to go What kind of accommodation you would like to stay in What activities you would like to do And say if you ever think you will go on a holiday like that or not, and why Talk about your plans for your next long vacation. You should say: Where you want to go Who o want to go there with What you want to do when you get there And say how likely you are to do what you have planned, and why Describe the transport system in a place you know about.You should say -What kind of transport is available -Which kinds most people use -What the good points and bad points of the transport system is And say how the transport system in that place compares to other places you know about Future plans N.B. As a Speaking Part two task that is mainly about the future is unlikely to come up, this section is arranged with the topics which are most common n the Speaking Part One future plans topic nearest the top. Talk about one thing you are going to do next weekend. You should mention: Where you are going to do it Who you are going to do it with Any equipment you need to do it And say whether you are looking forward to it or not, and why Talk about one thing you are planning to do after you pass the LILTS test. You should mention: When you think you will do it Why you want to do it How long you have had that plan And say whether there are any other options that you could also do which are Just as good Talk about a goal or ambition you have.You should say: When and why you first got that goal or ambition What you need to do to make it come true What your next step needs to be And say if you think you will achieve that goal or ambition or not, and why Talk about a foreign country you have never been to and would like to visit: You should mention: How that place is similar and different to your country and other countries you have visited Why you are interested in going there What you would like to do there And say if you think you will go to that country in the near future or not, and why hinging of going Who you would like to go there with What you would like to do there And say if you think you will do what you are planning or not, and why Talk about a Job you would like to do in the future. You should say: What people have to do in that Job Why you are interested in that Job If there are any disadvantages or difficulties to doing that Job And say if you think you will be good at that Job or not, and why Talk about a subject you would like to study in the future.You should say: What you need to study as part of that subject Where you can study it What you hind the most difficult things about that subject would be And say if you think studying th at subject will be useful in your future life or not, and why Talk about a new hobby you would like to take up. You should mention: What the advantages of the hobby are What the difficulties of doing that hobby would be How you first became interested in that hobby And say if you think you will do that hobby in the near future or not, and why Talk about something you would like to buy. You should mention: What it looks like What it is used for Why you want to buy it And say if you think you will buy it or not, and why Talk about another language you are interested in learning.You should say: Where it is spoken How it is different from your language and from English Why you are interested in that language And say if it is popular to learn that language in your country or not, and why Talk about your next trip abroad. You should say: Where you are going or would like to go What you want to do there What souvenirs you would like to bring back And say whether you think your next trip overseas will be as you would like it to be or not, and why Talk about a musical instrument you would like o be able to play but have never tried. You should say: What the instrument looks like How you play it What kinds of music are played on it And say if you think you will learn to play that instrument or not, and why Talk about a sport you think is interesting but have never played.You should say: What equipment is needed What some of the rules are What kinds of people this sport is popular with And say if you think you will do this sport in the near future or not, and why Language learning Talk about another language you would like to learn. You should say: Which Mounties or regions it is spoken in How it is different from your language and from English Why you are interested in that language And say if you think it is more or less difficult to learn than English and your language, and why Talk about one method of learning a foreign language you have used. You should say: What you did How long you used this method for How it compares to other methods of learning a language And say if you will use that same method in the Talk about an English language book you have read or used.

Vocabulary Essay Example For Students

Vocabulary Essay IntroductionOne of the most fascinating aspects of words is that they all have a past. Some words in English, for example, can be shown to have been in place for more than 5000 years (P. Baldi, 1999). Ordinarily we pay little attention to the words we articulate; we concentrate instead on the meaning we intend to express and we are seldom conscious of how we express that meaning. Only if we make a mistake and we have to correct it or we have difficulty remembering a word we become conscious of our word. This means that most of us do not know where the word we use come from and how they come to have the meaning they do. We will write a custom essay on Vocabulary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now English words come from several different sources. They developed naturally over the course of centuries from ancestral languages, they are also borrowed from other languages and we create many of them by various means of word vocabulary available to us today. History and morphology of the word MotherThe idea of the mother goddess was invented in early ice age, some 25,000-30,000 years ago. She and her life giving breasts were called omma from which we have the words akin to maternal, matter, and mother. By the late ice age the Semites had shortened omma to om. The Dravidians of India are Semites who migrated to India after the ice age. They still call mother goddess omm. Om is also the present day Arabic word for female and mother. Omma became ma among the Iranians, meaning the female breast. From ma we have the Iranian maman. Also, we have the Iranian ma-Dar (earlier ma-tar) meaning breast which became mater in Latin, modor in Old English (725), madre in modern Italian, and mother in modern English (1425), (R.K.Barnhant, 2000). Collocation There are several words that fit together with the word mother. ? Mother Country? Mother Nature? Mother Figure? Mother Tongue? Mother BoardConnotation The word mother has a positive connotation as it describes maternal tenderness and affection although in American English mother could also mean motherfucker which carry a negative and vulgar meaning (Chambers, 1994). Semantic field relation The following are some semantic field relations to the word mother. ? Father? Son? DaughterSemantic usage REGISTERMotherVery Formal British EnglishMumInformal British English MummyInformal British English mainly used by childrenMomInformal American EnglishMommyInformal American English mainly used by childrenMaInformal expression American and British English working class (often used with any much older woman)MamInformal North England English and Welsh (working class)MammyInformal Scottish English and North England English (working class)MamaOld expression used by upper class childrenMommaInformal American EnglishSource: McArthur (1981)Synonyms and antonymsSynonymsAntonymsFemale ParentFatherGenetrixMater FamiliasIdioms There are several idioms related to the word mother, the following are the most used. Mothers boy may have a positive or a negative connotation. It has a negative shade if it stands for a boy or man whose character and conduct is too much marked by maternal influence. On the other hand it has a positive nuance if it connotes a boy who has been the indisputable favourite of his mother. Like mother like daughter it is used when a girl behaves like her mother. Mother tongue means the language somebody first learned to speak as a child. Mother Country stands for the country where somebody was born. Derivatives There are several words whose origin comes from the word mother:? Maternity ? Motherhood ? Maternal ? Motherless ? MotherlyPragmatic? A real mother of a carThis is a colloquial expression referring to something very large and usually very good. ? Please, do not be a mother! Colloquial expression mainly used between youngsters with a slightly negative meaning. BibliographyBaldi, P (1999) Words on Word History, BaldiBarnhant, RK (2000) Dictionary of Etymology, ChambersCowie, AP and Mackin, R (1990) Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English, Oxford University PressCrystal, D (1996) Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language, CUPMcArthur, T (1981) Lexicon of Contemporary English, LongmanChambers (1994) The Chambers Dictionary, ChambersWarren, H (1997) Oxford Learners Dictionary of English Idioms, Oxford University PressWords/ Pages : 651 / 24 Vocabulary Essay Example For Students Vocabulary Essay IntroductionOne of the most fascinating aspects of words is that they all have a past. Some words in English, for example, can be shown to have been in place for more than 5000 years (P. Baldi, 1999). Ordinarily we pay little attention to the words we articulate; we concentrate instead on the meaning we intend to express and we are seldom conscious of how we express that meaning. Only if we make a mistake and we have to correct it or we have difficulty remembering a word we become conscious of our word. This means that most of us do not know where the word we use come from and how they come to have the meaning they do. We will write a custom essay on Vocabulary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now English words come from several different sources. They developed naturally over the course of centuries from ancestral languages, they are also borrowed from other languages and we create many of them by various means of word vocabulary available to us today. History and morphology of the word MotherThe idea of the mother goddess was invented in early ice age, some 25,000-30,000 years ago. She and her life giving breasts were called omma from which we have the words akin to maternal, matter, and mother. By the late ice age the Semites had shortened omma to om. The Dravidians of India are Semites who migrated to India after the ice age. They still call mother goddess omm. Om is also the present day Arabic word for female and mother. Omma became ma among the Iranians, meaning the female breast. From ma we have the Iranian maman. Also, we have the Iranian ma-Dar (earlier ma-tar) meaning breast which became mater in Latin, modor in Old English (725), madre in modern Italian, and mother in modern English (1425), (R.K.Barnhant, 2000). Collocation There are several words that fit together with the word mother. ? Mother Country? Mother Nature? Mother Figure? Mother Tongue? Mother BoardConnotation The word mother has a positive connotation as it describes maternal tenderness and affection although in American English mother could also mean motherfucker which carry a negative and vulgar meaning (Chambers, 1994). Semantic field relation The following are some semantic field relations to the word mother. ? Father? Son? DaughterSemantic usage REGISTERMotherVery Formal British EnglishMumInformal British English MummyInformal British English mainly used by childrenMomInformal American EnglishMommyInformal American English mainly used by childrenMaInformal expression American and British English working class (often used with any much older woman)MamInformal North England English and Welsh (working class)MammyInformal Scottish English and North England English (working class)MamaOld expression used by upper class childrenMommaInformal American EnglishSource: McArthur (1981)Synonyms and antonymsSynonymsAntonymsFemale ParentFatherGenetrixMater FamiliasIdioms There are several idioms related to the word mother, the following are the most used. Mothers boy may have a positive or a negative connotation. It has a negative shade if it stands for a boy or man whose character and conduct is too much marked by maternal influence. On the other hand it has a positive nuance if it connotes a boy who has been the indisputable favourite of his mother. Like mother like daughter it is used when a girl behaves like her mother. Mother tongue means the language somebody first learned to speak as a child. Mother Country stands for the country where somebody was born. Derivatives There are several words whose origin comes from the word mother:? Maternity ? Motherhood ? Maternal ? Motherless ? MotherlyPragmatic? A real mother of a carThis is a colloquial expression referring to something very large and usually very good. ? Please, do not be a mother! Colloquial expression mainly used between youngsters with a slightly negative meaning. BibliographyBaldi, P (1999) Words on Word History, BaldiBarnhant, RK (2000) Dictionary of Etymology, ChambersCowie, AP and Mackin, R (1990) Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English, Oxford University PressCrystal, D (1996) Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language, CUPMcArthur, T (1981) Lexicon of Contemporary English, LongmanChambers (1994) The Chambers Dictionary, ChambersWarren, H (1997) Oxford Learners Dictionary of English Idioms, Oxford University Press